Nitya represents a fundamental concept in yoga philosophy referring to that which is eternal unchanging and absolute in contrast to anitya (the impermanent and transient). The Sanskrit term derives from the root “nit” meaning “to be inherent” or “to be constant” and serves as a cornerstone for understanding reality from the yogic perspective.
In philosophical texts like the Yoga Sutras and Bhagavad Gita nitya is used to distinguish between the temporary nature of physical existence and the eternal nature of consciousness itself. The recognition of what is truly eternal versus what is fleeting forms the basis for viveka (discrimination)—the ability to discern between the real and the unreal which yoga considers essential for spiritual progress.
Applied to practice nitya prompts yogis to investigate: What within our experience never changes? While bodies thoughts emotions sensations and circumstances constantly shift the awareness that perceives them remains consistent. This unchanging witness consciousness represents the nitya aspect of our being—what various traditions call purusha atman or the true Self.
In daily yoga practice contemplation of nitya vs. anitya transforms how practitioners relate to challenging experiences. Physical discomfort imperfect poses difficult emotions and life obstacles can be observed from the perspective of the unchanging awareness rather than identified with as “who I am.” This shift in perspective cultivates vairagya (non-attachment) and equanimity.
Many yoga traditions incorporate specific practices to help practitioners experience the nitya dimension directly. These include self-inquiry meditations (“Who am I?”) witnessing practices that distinguish between changing phenomena and unchanging awareness and contemplation of mahavakyas (great statements) from the Upanishads such as “Tat Tvam Asi” (“That Thou Art”) pointing to the eternal nature of consciousness.
